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N5 Vocabulary Lesson 8

Time and dates: hours, minutes, days and months

Tell the time with 〜時 and 〜分, say the days of the week and the months, and learn the special readings for the dates — ついたち, ふつか, はつか and more — with the kanji for time and the days of the week.

In this lesson you will

  • Ask and tell the time with いまなんじですか and 〜時〜分です
  • Use the sound changes in 〜分 (いっぷん, さんぷん, じゅっぷん …)
  • Say the seven days of the week and the twelve months
  • Say the dates of the month, including the irregular 1st–10th, 14th, 20th and 24th
  • Read and write 時, 分, 半, 月, 火, 水, 木, 金, 土 and 年

Work shifts, train times, appointments at the city office and doctor’s visits all need times and dates. Japanese time words are mostly regular — numbers you already know plus 時, 分, 月 and 日 — but a few common ones have special readings that you simply have to learn.

Telling the time: 〜時

Hours are the number + 時じ. Three of them are special: 4 o’clock is よじ, 7 o’clock is usually しちじ (ななじ is also heard) and 9 o’clock is くじ. Use ごぜん (a.m.) and ごご (p.m.) before the time: ごご三時さんじ = 3 p.m. Half past is 半はん: 六時半ろくじはん = 6:30.

TimeReadingTimeReading
1:00いちじ7:00しちじ
2:00にじ8:00はちじ
3:00さんじ9:00くじ
4:00よじ10:00じゅうじ
5:00ごじ11:00じゅういちじ
6:00ろくじ12:00じゅうにじ

Minutes: 〜分 and its sound changes

Minutes are the number + 分ふん, but ふん changes to ぷん after 1, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10:

MinutesReadingMinutesReading
1 minいっぷん6 minろっぷん
2 minにふん7 minななふん
3 minさんぷん8 minはっぷん / はちふん
4 minよんぷん9 minきゅうふん
5 minごふん10 minじゅっぷん / じっぷん

Larger numbers follow their last digit: 15 is じゅうごふん, 20 is にじゅっぷん, 45 is よんじゅうごふん.

Days of the week: 〜曜日

Each day is named after a natural element, written with one kanji, followed by 曜日ようび. 曜よう is a complex kanji — for now just recognise it as part of 〜曜日.

DayJapaneseReadingElement
Monday月曜日げつようびmoon
Tuesday火曜日かようびfire
Wednesday水曜日すいようびwater
Thursday木曜日もくようびtree, wood
Friday金曜日きんようびgold, metal
Saturday土曜日どようびearth, soil
Sunday日曜日にちようびsun

Months: 〜月

Months are simply the number + 月がつ: 一月いちがつ (January) to 十二月じゅうにがつ (December). Watch three of them: 四月しがつ (April), 七月しちがつ (July) and 九月くがつ (September).

Dates of the month

Dates use the number + 日にち, but the 1st to the 10th and a few others use older native readings. The same words also mean a number of days (ふつか = the 2nd or two days), except the 1st: one day is いちにち.

DateReadingDateReading
1stついたち6thむいか
2ndふつか7thなのか
3rdみっか8thようか
4thよっか9thここのか
5thいつか10thとおか
14thじゅうよっか20thはつか
24thにじゅうよっかothersnumber + にち

All other dates are regular: 11th じゅういちにち, 15th じゅうごにち, 30th さんじゅうにち. Remember 17th じゅうしちにち and 19th じゅうくにち.

Writing a date

Japanese dates go from big to small: year, month, day, then the day of the week in brackets. 2026年ねん11月がつ6日むいか(金きん) is “Friday, 6 November 2026”, read nisen nijūroku-nen jūichi-gatsu muika (kin).

Common mistakes

  • Saying “yonji” or “kyūji”: 4 o’clock is よじ and 9 o’clock is くじ.
  • Saying “ichi-nichi” for the 1st. The 1st of the month is ついたち; いちにち means “one day”.
  • Forgetting the ぷん changes: いっぷん, さんぷん, じゅっぷん.
  • Saying “yongatsu” for April. It is しがつ.

How to practise

  • Say the time aloud whenever you look at a clock.
  • Read today’s date in Japanese every morning, including the day of the week.
  • Write the kanji for the days of the week on the worksheet.
  • Take the quiz, then fill in the times and dates exercise on the worksheet.

Study options

Vocabulary

Vocabulary list
JapaneseReadingRomajiMeaningType
〜時〜じ-ji… o’clockNoun
〜分〜ふん・〜ぷん-fun / -pun… minutesNoun
半はんhanhalf; half pastNoun
いまいまimanowNoun
なんじなんじnanjiwhat timeOther
ごぜんごぜんgozena.m.; morningNoun
ごごごごgogop.m.; afternoonNoun
月曜日げつようびgetsuyōbiMondayNoun
火曜日かようびkayōbiTuesdayNoun
水曜日すいようびsuiyōbiWednesdayNoun
木曜日もくようびmokuyōbiThursdayNoun
金曜日きんようびkin’yōbiFridayNoun
土曜日どようびdoyōbiSaturdayNoun
日曜日にちようびnichiyōbiSundayNoun
〜月〜がつ-gatsu(name of a) month: January, February …Noun

Grammar

いまなんじですか/〜時〜分です

What time is it? / It is … o’clock … minutes.

Ask with いまなんじですか and answer with the hour + 時じ + the minutes + 分ふん + です. Add ごぜん or ごご in front when it matters. ちょうど means “exactly”: ちょうど三時さんじです.

Examples

  1. いまなんじですか。

    いまなんじですか。

    Ima nanji desu ka.

    What time is it now?

  2. ごご四時十五分です。

    ごごよじじゅうごふんです。

    Gogo yoji jūgo-fun desu.

    It is 4:15 p.m.

  3. 九時半です。

    くじはんです。

    Kuji han desu.

    It is half past nine.

〜から〜まで

from … until/to …

から marks the starting point and まで the end point, for time or place. You can use either one on its own too.

Examples

  1. しごとは九時から五時までです。

    しごとはくじからごじまでです。

    Shigoto wa kuji kara goji made desu.

    Work is from nine to five.

  2. 月曜日から金曜日までがっこうがあります。

    げつようびからきんようびまでがっこうがあります。

    Getsuyōbi kara kin’yōbi made gakkō ga arimasu.

    I have school from Monday to Friday.

〜はなんようびですか/〜曜日です

What day of the week is …?

Ask with なんようび and answer with the day + です. きょう (today), あした (tomorrow) and きのう (yesterday) are useful topics.

Examples

  1. きょうはなんようびですか。

    きょうはなんようびですか。

    Kyō wa nan’yōbi desu ka.

    What day is it today?

  2. きょうは水曜日です。

    きょうはすいようびです。

    Kyō wa suiyōbi desu.

    Today is Wednesday.

〜年〜月〜日

year, month, day (dates)

Dates go from big to small. Ask the date with なんがつなんにちですか. Remember the special readings for the 1st–10th, 14th, 20th and 24th.

Examples

  1. きょうはなんがつなんにちですか。

    きょうはなんがつなんにちですか。

    Kyō wa nangatsu nannichi desu ka.

    What is the date today?

  2. 十一月二十日です。

    じゅういちがつはつかです。

    Jūichi-gatsu hatsuka desu.

    It is the 20th of November.

  3. たんじょうびは三月一日です。

    たんじょうびはさんがつついたちです。

    Tanjōbi wa sangatsu tsuitachi desu.

    My birthday is the 1st of March.

Kanji

Select a kanji to see its readings, stroke count and example words.

  • 時time; o’clock
    On’yomi
    ジ
    Kun’yomi
    とき
    Strokes
    10

    Example words

    • 〜時 〜じ … o’clock
    • 時間 じかん time; hours
    • 時 とき time; when
  • 分minute; part; to divide
    On’yomi
    ブン、フン、ブ
    Kun’yomi
    わ(ける)、わ(かる)
    Strokes
    4

    Example words

    • 〜分 〜ふん・〜ぷん … minutes
    • 半分 はんぶん half
    • 分かる わかる to understand
  • 半half
    On’yomi
    ハン
    Kun’yomi
    なか(ば)
    Strokes
    5

    Example words

    • 半 はん half past
    • 半分 はんぶん half
    • 三時半 さんじはん 3:30
  • 月month; moon
    On’yomi
    ゲツ、ガツ
    Kun’yomi
    つき
    Strokes
    4

    Example words

    • 月曜日 げつようび Monday
    • 一月 いちがつ January
    • 月 つき moon
  • 火fire
    On’yomi
    カ
    Kun’yomi
    ひ
    Strokes
    4

    Example words

    • 火曜日 かようび Tuesday
    • 火 ひ fire
    • 花火 はなび fireworks
  • 水water
    On’yomi
    スイ
    Kun’yomi
    みず
    Strokes
    4

    Example words

    • 水曜日 すいようび Wednesday
    • 水 みず water
  • 木tree; wood
    On’yomi
    モク、ボク
    Kun’yomi
    き
    Strokes
    4

    Example words

    • 木曜日 もくようび Thursday
    • 木 き tree
  • 金gold; money; metal
    On’yomi
    キン、コン
    Kun’yomi
    かね、かな
    Strokes
    8

    Example words

    • 金曜日 きんようび Friday
    • お金 おかね money
  • 土earth; soil
    On’yomi
    ド、ト
    Kun’yomi
    つち
    Strokes
    3

    Example words

    • 土曜日 どようび Saturday
    • 土 つち soil; earth
  • 年year
    On’yomi
    ネン
    Kun’yomi
    とし
    Strokes
    6

    Example words

    • 〜年 〜ねん (the year) …
    • 一年 いちねん one year
    • 年 とし year; age

Practice quiz

Choose one answer for each question, then press “Check answer”. Nothing is saved or sent.

Question 1 of 10How do you say 4 o’clock?
Question 2 of 10How do you say 9 o’clock?
Question 3 of 10How do you say “10 minutes”?
Question 4 of 10How do you say the 1st of the month?
Question 5 of 10How do you say the 20th of the month?
Question 6 of 10How do you say April?
Question 7 of 10Which day is 水曜日?
Question 8 of 10How do you say “from 9 to 5”?
Question 9 of 10How do you say 6:30?
Question 10 of 10How do you say the 24th of the month?

0 of 10 answered

Frequently asked questions

Do Japanese people use the 24-hour clock?

Both are used. Train and bus timetables, TV schedules, shop opening hours and official notices often use 24-hour times such as 18:00 (じゅうはちじ). In conversation people usually use the 12-hour clock with ごぜん or ごご.

Why are the dates 1st–10th so irregular?

They come from old native Japanese number words (ひと, ふた, み …) rather than the Chinese-based いち, に, さん. There is no shortcut — learn them as a set. The good news: after the 10th, almost all dates are regular.

Is it じゅっぷん or じっぷん?

Both are correct. じっぷん is the traditional form, and じゅっぷん is what most people say today. You will see both in textbooks and hear both in Japan.

How do I write today’s date on a form?

Year, month, day: 2026年11月6日. Many forms also have a box for the day of the week, written with one kanji in brackets, such as (金). Some official documents use the Japanese era name instead of the Western year, so check the form carefully.

Keep going

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